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 D828 Series
1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz 8-Bit Programmable
Description The D828 Series are digitally programmable lowpass and high-pass active filters with differential input that are tunable over a 256:1 frequency range. D828 filters are available with any one of five standard factory-set tuning ranges or 8-bit custom ranges from 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz. These units contain 8 CMOS logic inputs. All D828 Series models are convenient, low profile, easy to use fully finished filters which require no external components or adjustments. They feature low harmonic distortion, and near theoretical phase and amplitude characteristics. D828 filters operate from non-critical 12 to 18 Vdc power supplies, have a 10 k (min.) input and a 10 (max.) output impedance. Features/Benefits: * Compact 2" x 2" design minimizes board space requirements. * Low harmonic distortion and wide signal-to-noise ratio to 16 bit resolution. * Digitally programmable corner frequency allows selecting cut-off frequencies specific to each application. * Plug-in ready-to-use, reducing engineering design and manufacturing cycle time. * Factory-set tuning range, no external clocks or adjustments needed * Broad range of transfer characteristics and corner frequencies to meet a wide range of applications. Applications * Anti-alias filtering * Data acquisition systems * Communication systems and electronics * Medical electronics equipment and research * Aerospace, navigation and sonar applications * Sound and vibration testing * Real and compressed time data analysis * Noise elimination * Signal reconstruction
Programmable Specifications:. . . . . . . . . . . . . Page Digital Tuning & Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Available Low-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D828L8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D828L8E 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77 (-80dB) . . . 3 D828L8EX 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.56 (-80dB) . . . 3 D828L8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00 (-100dB) . . 3 D828L8L 8-pole Bessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 D828L8D60 8-pole constant delay (-60dB). . . . . . . 4 D828L8D80 8-pole constant delay (-80dB). . . . . . . 4 D828L8D10 8-pole constant delay (-100dB) . . . . . . 4 Available High-Pass Models: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D828H8B 8-pole Butterworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 D828H8E 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.77 (-80dB) . . . 5 D828H8EX 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 1.56 (-80dB) . . . 5 D828H8EY 8-pole, 6 zero elliptic, 2.00 (-100dB) . . . 5 General Specifications: Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin-out/package data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2" x 2" Differential Input 8-Pole Filters
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
D828 Series
8-Bit Programmable Filters
Digital Tuning Characteristics
The digital tuning interface circuits are a parallel set of eight (8) 4053 CMOS switches which accept CMOS compatible inputs for the eight tuning bits (D0 - D7). Filter tuning follows the tuning equation given below: fc = ( fmax/256 ) [ 1 + D7 x 2 + D6 x 2 + D5 x 2 + D4 x 2 + D3 x 2 + D2 x 2 + D1 x 2 + D0 x 2 ] where D1 - D7 = "0" or "1", and fmax = Maximum tuning frequency; fc = corner frequency; Minimum tunable frequency = fmax/256 (D0 thru D7 = 0); Minimum frequency step (Resolution) = fmax/256
OUT +Vs -Vs D7 D6 D5 D4 2.00 GND D3 D2 D1 D0 +IN -IN Os
4
3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4
Digital Tuning & Control Characteristics
Pin-Out Key
IN OUT GND +Vs -Vs Os Analog Input Signal Analog Output Signal Power and Signal Return Supply Voltage, Positive Supply Voltage, Negative Offset Adjustment D7 Tuning D6 Tuning D5 Tuning D4 Tuning D3 Tuning D2 Tuning D1 Tuning D0 Tuning Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 7 (MSB) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 (LSB)
Data Input Specifications
Input Data Levels (CMOS Logic) 4 Vdc max. 15 Vdc max. -1 A max.. +1 A max. 7.5 pF max.
Input Voltage (Vs = 15 Vdc) Low Level In 0 Vdc min. High Level In 11 Vdc min. Input Current High Level In Low Level In Input Capacitance Input Data Format Positive Logic Bit Weighting D0 D7 Frequency Range - 10 A typ. -5 +10 A typ. 5 pF typ
-5
MSB 2
7
--2
6
--2
5
--2
4
--2
3
--2
2
--2
1
LSB 2
0
Bit Weight
Corner Frequency
Frequency Select Bits Logic "1" = +Vs Logic "0" = Gnd (Binary-Coded) LSB (least significant bit) MSB (most significant bit) 256 : 1, Binary Weighted
fc
D7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
D6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
D5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
D4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
D3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
D2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
D1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
D0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
fmax/256 fmax/128 fmax/64 fmax/32 fmax/16 fmax/8 fmax/4 fmax/2 fmax
2
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
D828 Series
8-Bit Programmable
Model Product Specifications Transfer Function Size Range fc, fr Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Passband Ripple
(theoretical)
8-Pole Low-Pass Filters
D828L8E D828L8EX D828L8EY
D828L8B
8-Pole Butterworth 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 9 0.0 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 48 dB/octave fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -360 0.12 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - 0.8 fc 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 24 0.035 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 80 dB min. fr 0.01% /c -0.035 dB -323.5 0.035 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - 0.8 fr 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 23 - 0.05 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 80 dB min. fr 0.01% /c -0.05dB -414 0.05 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - 0.8 fr 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 25 - 0.05 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 100 dB min. fr 0.01% /c -0.05 dB -419 0.05 dB 3.01 dB 80.0 dB 100.0 dB 0 - 0.8 fr 2% max.
DC Voltage Gain
(non-inverting)
Stopband Attenuation Rate Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase Filter Attenuation
(theoretical)
0.80 fc 1.00 fc 2.37 fc 3.16 fc
1.00 fr 1.13 fr 1.67 fr 1.77 fr
1.00 fr 1.05 fr 1.45 fr 1.56 fr
1.00 fr 1.06 fr 1.83 fr 2.00 fr
Phase Match1
2 max. 1 typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc 3 max. 1.5 typ. 0 - 0.8 fc 0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc 0.3 dB max. 0.15 dB typ.
2 max. 1 typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 4 max. 2 typ. 0 - 0.8 fr .2 dB max. .1 dB typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr .3 dB max. .15 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
3 max. 1.5 typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 4 max. 2 typ. 0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 0.5 dB max. 0.25 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. 250 Vrms typ. 75 Vrms typ. 0 - 0.8 fr
3 max. 1.5 typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 4 max. 2 typ. 0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fr - 1.0 fr 0.5 dB max. 0.25 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ. 250 Vrms typ. 75 Vrms typ. 0 - 0.8 fr
Amplitude Accuracy
(theoretical)
Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz Wide Band Noise
(5 Hz - 2 MHz)
< - 100 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
Narrow Band Noise
(5 Hz - 100 kHz)
1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot.
3
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
D828 Series
8-Bit Programmable
Model Product Specifications Transfer Function Size Range fc Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Passband Ripple
(theoretical)
8-Pole Low-Pass Filters
D828L8D60 D828L8D80 D828L8D10
D828L8L
8-Pole Bessel 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 4 0.0 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 48 dB/octave fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -182 1.91 dB 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - fc 0 - fc 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 20 0.15 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 60 dB min. fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -306 3.01 dB 40.0 dB 60.0 dB 0 - fc 0 - 0.8 fc 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 21 0.15 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 80 dB min. fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -306 3.01 dB 60.0 dB 80.0 dB 0 - fc 0 - 0.8 fc 2% max.
8-Pole, 6 zero Constant Delay 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 22 0.15 dB 0 0.1 dB max. 0 0.05 dB typ. 100 dB min. fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -311 3.01 dB 80.0 dB 100.0 dB 0 - fc 0 - 0.8 fc 2% max.
DC Voltage Gain
(non-inverting)
Stopband Attenuation Rate Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase Filter Attenuation
(theoretical)
0.80 fc 1.00 fc 4.52 fc 6.07 fc 2 max. 1 typ. 0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ.
1.00 fc 2.28 fc 2.64 fc 2 max. 1 typ.
1.00 fc 3.08 fc 3.57 fc 2 max. 1 typ.
1.00 fc 4.45 fc 5.20 fc 2 max. 1 typ.
Phase Match1 Amplitude Accuracy
(theoretical)
0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc 0.3 dB max. 0.15 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc 0.3 dB max. 0.15 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ. 0.8 fc - 1.0 fc 0.3 dB max. 0.15 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz Wide Band Noise
(5 Hz - 2 MHz)
< - 100 dB typ. 200 Vrms typ. 50 Vrms typ.
Narrow Band Noise
(5 Hz - 100 kHz)
1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot.
4
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
D828 Series
8-Bit Programmable
Model Product Specifications Transfer Function Size Range fc, fr Theoretical Transfer Characteristics Passband Ripple
(theoretical)
8-Pole High-Pass Filters
D828H8E D828H8EX D828H8EY
D828H8B
8-Pole Butterworth 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 29 0.0 dB 0 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 120 kHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 37 0.035 dB 0 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 120 kHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 36 - 0.05 dB 0 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 120 kHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz
8-Pole, 6 zero Elliptic 2.0" x 2.0" x 0.5" 1.0 Hz to 102.4 kHz Appendix A Page 38 - 0.05 dB 0 0.2 dB to 100 kHz 0 0.5 dB to 120 kHz 120 kHz (-6 dB) 1 MHz
Voltage Gain
(non-inverting)
Power Bandwidth Small Signal Bandwidth Stopband Attenuation Rate Cutoff Frequency Stability Amplitude Phase Filter Attenuation
(theoretical)
48 dB/octave fc 0.01% /c -3 dB -360 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.00 dB 2% max.
80 dB fr 0.01% /c -0.035 dB -323.5 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB fr - 1.25 fr 2% max.
80 dB fr 0.01% /c -0.05dB -414 80 dB 60.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB fr - 1.25 fr 2% max.
100 dB fr 0.01% /c -0.05 dB -419 100 dB 80.0 dB 3.01 dB 0.03 dB 0.00 dB fr - 1.25 fr 2% max.
0.31 fc 0.42 fc 1.00 fc 2.00 fc
0.56 fr 0.60 fr 0.88 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr
0.64 fr 0.69 fr 0.95 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr
0.50 fr 0.55 fr 0.94 fr 1.00 fr 2.00 fr
Phase Match1
fc - 100 kHz 3 max. 1.5 typ.
4 max. 2 typ. 1.25 fr-100 kHz 2 max. 1 typ.
4 max. 2 typ. 1.25fr -100 kHz 2 max. 1 typ.
4 max. 2 typ. 1.25 fr-100 kHz 3 max. 1.5 typ. 0.5 dB max. 0.25 dB typ. 0.2 dB max. 0.1 dB typ.
Amplitude Accuracy
(theoretical)
0.3 dB max. fr-1.25 fr 0.15 dB typ. 1.25 fc-100kHz 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz 0.1 dB typ. < - 100 dB typ. 400 Vrms typ. 100 Vrms typ. < - 88 dB typ.
fc-1.25 fc
0.3 dB max. fr -1.25 fr 0.15 dB typ. 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz 0.1 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ.
0.5 dB max. fr -1.25 fr 0.25 dB typ. 0.2 dB max. 1.25 fr-100 kHz 0.1 dB typ. < - 88 dB typ.
Total Harmonic Distortion @ 1 kHz Wide Band Noise
(5 Hz - 2 MHz)
400 Vrms typ. 100 Vrms typ.
500 Vrms typ. 150 Vrms typ.
500 Vrms typ. 150 Vrms typ.
Narrow Band Noise
(5 Hz - 100 kHz)
1.Unit to unit match for the same transfer function, set to the same frequency and operating configuration, and from the same manufacturing lot.
5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
D828 Series
Specification
(25C and Vs 15 Vdc)
Analog Input Characteristics1 Impedance Voltage Range Max. Safe Voltage Analog Output Characteristics Impedance (Closed Loop) Linear Operating Range 2 Maximum Current 3 Offset Voltage Offset Temp. Coeff. Power Supply (Vs) Rated Voltage Operating Range Maximum Safe Voltage Quiescent Current 8 Pole Temperature Operating Storage
Notes: 1. Input and output signal voltage referenced to supply common. 2. Output is short circuit protected to common. DO NOT CONNECT TO Vs. 3. Adjustable to zero. 4. Units operate with or without offset pin connected.
Pin-Out and Package Data Ordering Information
Pin-Out & Package Data
2.00
10 k min. 10 Vpeak
Vs
0.5
G-5
0.15 min. 0.025 Dia.
11 typ. 10 max.
10V 2 mA
22 mV typ. 20 mV max. 50 V/C
Side View
All dimensions are in inches All Case Dimensions 0.02"
OUT +Vs -Vs OUT +Vs -Vs
Grid Dimensions 0.1" x 0.1"
15 Vdc 12 to 18 Vdc 18 Vdc
2.00
D7D D6 D5
7
D6 D5 D4 GND D3
D4
25 mA typ. 40 mA max.
-20 to +70C -25 to +85C
2.00
GND D3 D2
D D1 2 D D0 1 D0
IN Os
4
+IN -IN Os
4
Bottom View
Bottom View
Filter Mounting Assembly-See FMA-02A
Ordering Information
Filter Type L - Low Pass H - High Pass Transfer Function B - Butterworth L - Bessel D60 - constant delay (-60 dB) D80 - constant delay (-80 dB) D10 - constant delay (-100 dB) E - elliptic 1.77 (-80 dB) EX- elliptic 1.56 (-80dB) EY - elliptic 2.00 (-100 dB)
DC Offset Adjustment
Vs Do not connect if trim is not required. 20 k (Cermet) OS
D828L8E-3
Model Number
e.g.,Model
- Vs
Number 2 3 4 5 6
Tuning Minimum Range (Hz) Step(Hz) 1.0 to 256 1.0 10 to 2560 10 100 to 25.6k 100 200 to 51.2k 200 400 to 102.4k 400
Case G-5 G-5 G-5 G-5 G-5
We hope the information given here will be helpful. The information is based on data and our best knowledge, and we consider the information to be true and accurate. Please read all statements, recommendations or suggestions herein in conjunction with our conditions of sale which apply to all goods supplied by us. We assume no responsibility for the use of these statements, recommendations or suggestions, nor do we intend them as a recommendation for any use which would infringe any patent or copyright. IN-00D828-00
6
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com * Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
8-Pole
Bessel Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .506 0.10 -0.029 -18.2 .506 0.20 -0.117 -36.4 .506 0.30 -0.264 -54.7 .506 0.40 -0.470 -72.9 .506 0.50 -0.737 -91.1 .506 0.60 -1.06 -109 .506 0.70 -1.45 -128 .506 0.80 -1.91 -146 .506 0.85 -2.16 -155 .506 0.90 -2.42 -164 .506 0.95 -2.71 -173 .506 1.00 -3.01 -182 .506 -3.67 1.10 -200 .506 -4.40 1.20 -219 .506 -5.20 1.30 -237 .506 1.40 -6.10 -255 .505 1.50 -7.08 -273 .504 1.60 -8.16 -291 .502 1.70 -9.36 -309 .498 1.80 -10.7 -327 .492 1.90 -12.1 -345 .482 2.00 -13.7 -362 .468 2.25 -18.1 -402 .417 2.50 -23.1 -436 .352 2.75 -28.3 -465 .291 3.00 -33.4 -489 .241 3.25 -38.3 -509 .201 3.50 -43.1 -526 .170 4.00 -51.8 -552 .126 5.00 -66.8 -587 .077 6.00 -79.2 -610 .052 7.00 -89.8 -626 .038 8.00 -99.0 -638 .029 9.00 -107 -647 .023 10.0 -114 -655 .018 Low-Pass Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay (Normalized) 1.0 Delay (sec)
0.5
0.0 0.1
0.15 2
3
4
5 6 7 89
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
1.0
1.5
Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 Step Response (V/V)
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
2
3
4
5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
7
Low-Pass
8-Pole Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .816 0.10 0.00 -29.4 .819 0.20 0.00 -59.0 .828 0.30 0.00 -89.1 .843 0.40 0.00 -120 .867 0.50 0.00 -152 .903 0.60 -0.001 -185 .956 0.70 -0.014 -221 1.04 0.80 -0.121 -261 1.19 0.85 -0.311 -283 1.29 0.90 -0.738 -307 1.40 0.95 -1.58 -333 1.48 1.00 -3.01 -360 1.46 1.10 -7.48 -408 1.17 1.20 -12.9 -445 .873 1.30 -18.2 -472 .672 1.40 -494 .540 -23.4 1.50 -511 .448 -28.2 1.60 -526 .380 -32.7 1.70 -539 .328 -36.9 1.80 -550 .287 -40.8 1.90 -44.6 -560 .253 2.00 -48.2 -568 .226 2.25 -56.3 -586 .174 2.50 -63.7 -600 .139 2.75 -70.3 -611 .113 3.00 -76.3 -621 .094 3.25 -81.9 -629 .080 3.50 -87.1 -635 .069 4.00 -96.3 -646 .052 5.00 -112 -661 .033 6.00 -125 -671 .023 7.00 -135 -678 .017 8.00 -144 -683 .013 9.00 -153 -687 .010 10.0 -160 -691 .008 Butterworth Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
10.0
Delay (Normalized) 2.0 Delay (sec)
1.0
0.0 0.1
0.15 2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 1.0 1.5
Normalized Time (1/f sec)
Step Response Step Response (V/V) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 5
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
8
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Constant Delay Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .776 0.005 -28.0 0.10 .776 0.012 -55.9 0.20 .776 0.005 -83.9 0.30 .776 -0.042 -112 0.40 .776 -0.161 -140 .776 0.50 -0.384 -168 .776 0.60 -0.745 -196 .776 0.70 -1.28 -224 .776 0.80 -1.62 -238 .776 0.85 -252 -2.02 .776 0.90 -265 -2.48 .775 0.95 -279 -3.01 .773 1.00 -307 -4.29 .766 1.10 -334 -5.91 .749 1.20 -10.3 -386 .675 1.40 -15.9 -431 .558 1.60 -22.4 -467 .443 1.80 -29.4 -495 .351 2.00 -39.0 -523 .268 2.25 2.50 -50.5 -544 .212 2.75 -78.0 -561 .171 3.00 -63.7 -395 .142 3.25 -63.5 -407 .119 3.50 -66.9 -417 .102 3.75 -425 .088 -74.7 4.00 -253 .077 -85.0 4.25 -259 .068 -72.0 4.50 -265 .060 -67.9 4.75 -270 .054 -65.8 5.00 -64.6 -275 .048 5.25 -63.9 -279 .044 5.50 -63.5 -283 .040 5.75 -63.3 -286 .036 6.00 -63.2 -289 .033 6.50 -63.3 -295 .028 7.00 -63.7 -299 .024 8.00 -64.7 -307 .019 9.00 -66.0 -313 .015 10.0 -67.3 -318 .012
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass (60 dB) Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay (Normalized) 1.0 Delay (sec)
0.5
0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 Step Response (V/V)
1
2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
9
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Constant Delay Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 .852 0.00 0.017 -30.7 .852 0.10 0.058 -61.3 .852 0.20 0.099 -92.0 .852 0.30 0.105 -123 .852 0.40 0.034 -153 .852 0.50 -0.157 -184 .852 0.60 -0.510 -215 .852 0.70 -1.07 -245 .851 0.80 -1.44 -261 .850 0.85 -1.89 -276 .849 0.90 -2.41 -291 .846 0.95 -3.01 -306 .841 1.00 -4.50 -336 .821 1.10 -6.39 -365 .783 1.20 -11.3 -417 .656 1.40 -17.1 -459 .512 1.60 -23.2 -492 .396 1.80 -29.1 -517 .312 2.00 -36.3 -542 .239 2.25 2.50 -43.4 -561 .189 2.75 -50.3 -576 .153 3.00 -57.6 -589 .127 3.25 -62.5 -599 .107 3.50 -75.4 -608 .092 3.75 -98.3 -616 .079 4.00 -86.3 -442 .069 4.25 -84.1 -448 .061 4.50 -85.1 -454 .054 4.75 -87.9 -458 .049 5.00 -92.8 -462 .044 5.25 -104 -466 .040 5.50 -101 -289 .036 5.75 -93.3 -293 .033 6.00 -89.9 -295 .030 -86.6 -300 .026 6.50 -85.1 -305 .022 7.00 -84.1 -312 .017 8.00 -84.3 -317 .013 9.00 -84.9 -321 .011 10.0
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass (80 dB) Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay (Normalized) 1.0 Delay (sec)
0.5
0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response Step Response (V/V) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0
1
2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
10
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Constant Delay Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 .865 0.10 0.015 -31.1 .865 .865 0.20 0.051 -62.3 .865 0.30 0.085 -93.4 .865 0.40 0.085 -125 0.50 0.010 -156 .865 0.60 -0.182 -187 .865 0.70 -0.532 -218 .865 0.80 -1.09 -249 .864 0.85 -1.45 -265 .863 0.90 -1.89 -280 .861 0.95 -2.41 -296 .857 1.00 -3.01 -311 .851 1.10 -4.50 -341 .828 1.20 -6.38 -370 .785 1.40 -11.2 -422 .650 1.60 -16.8 -464 .504 1.80 -22.5 -496 .389 2.00 -28.0 -520 .306 2.25 -34.5 -544 .235 2.50 -40.5 -563 .186 2.75 -46.1 -578 .151 3.00 -51.4 -591 .125 3.50 -61.5 -610 .090 4.00 -71.2 -624 .068 4.50 -81.3 -635 .054 5.00 -93.4 -643 .043 5.50 -142 -651 .036 6.00 -105 -476 .030 6.20 -105 -478 .028 6.50 -106 -481 .025 7.00 -110 -486 .022 8.00 -122 -312 .017 9.00 -109 -318 .013 10.0 -106 -322 .011 12.0 -105 -328 .007 14.0 -106 -333 .005 16.0 -107 -336 .004 18.0 -108 -339 .003 20.0 -109 -341 .003
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass (100 dB) Frequency Response 0 -20 Amp (dB) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0.1
2 3 4 5 678
1.0 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
2
3 4 5 67
Delay (Normalized) 1.0 Delay (sec)
0.5
0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 -0.2 0 Step Response (V/V)
1
2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
11
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 1.56 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.823 0.10 -0.001 -29.7 0.829 0.20 -0.013 -59.8 0.844 0.30 -0.040 -90.5 0.865 0.40 -0.049 -122 0.904 -0.018 -156 0.972 0.50 -0.003 -174 1.016 0.55 -0.002 -192 1.064 0.60 -0.019 -212 1.116 0.65 -0.042 -233 1.178 0.70 -255 0.75 -0.049 1.264 -279 0.80 -0.026 1.388 -305 0.85 -0.001 1.557 -335 0.90 -0.024 1.767 -369 0.95 -0.045 2.111 1.00 -0.050 -414 3.062 1.10 -10.48 -531 2.043 1.20 -25.96 -576 0.814 1.30 -39.45 -598 0.493 1.40 -52.87 -614 0.348 -69.11 -624 0.265 1.50 -89.09 -453 0.211 1.60 -85.32 -459 0.174 1.70 -89.95 -463 0.156 1.75 -103.5 -465 0.147 1.80 1.85 -95.94 -288 0.158 1.90 -89.31 -290 0.126 1.95 -86.44 -292 0.117 2.00 -84.96 -295 0.110 2.20 -84.54 -302 0.087 2.40 -88.65 -307 0.069 2.60 -99.78 -311 0.057 2.80 -99.97 -135 0.048 3.00 -90.20 -139 0.041 3.50 -85.09 -145 0.029 4.00 -84.04 -150 0.022 5.00 -84.76 -156 0.014 6.00 -86.45 -160 0.009 7.00 -88.31 -163 0.007 8.00 -90.11 -165 0.005 9.00 -91.82 -167 0.004 10.0 -93.41 -168 0.003
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
2
3 4 5 67
Delay (Normalized) 4.0 Delay (sec)
2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response Step Response (V/V) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
12
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.713 0.10 -0.004 -25.7 0.716 0.20 -0.014 -51.6 0.724 0.30 -0.024 -77.9 0.740 0.40 -0.020 -105 0.767 0.50 0.007 -133 0.811 0.55 0.022 -148 0.840 0.60 0.033 -163 0.872 0.65 0.031 -179 0.908 0.70 0.014 -196 0.946 0.75 -0.015 -213 0.989 0.80 -0.041 -232 1.04 0.85 -0.046 -251 1.12 0.90 -0.016 -272 1.23 0.95 -0.025 -296 1.40 1.00 -0.035 -323 1.65 1.10 -1.76 -392 2.14 1.20 -8.28 -467 1.86 1.30 -18.4 -522 1.19 1.40 -29.3 -558 0.753 1.50 -40.1 -578 0.517 1.60 -51.5 -594 0.381 1.70 -65.2 -606 0.296 1.75 -75.0 -611 0.265 1.80 -113.0 -616 0.239 1.85 -83.6 -440 0.217 1.90 -82.0 -444 0.198 1.95 -83.7 -447 0.182 2.00 -87.8 -450 0.168 2.20 -85.8 -280 0.126 2.40 -82.0 -289 0.099 2.60 -83.5 -295 0.081 2.80 -88.2 -301 0.067 3.00 -99.9 -305 0.057 3.50 -87.2 -134 0.040 4.00 -83.1 -140 0.030 5.00 -82.1 -148 0.018 6.00 -83.1 -154 0.013 7.00 -84.6 -157 0.009 8.00 -86.2 -160 0.007 9.00 -87.8 -163 0.005 10.0 -89.3 -164 0.004
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay (Normalized) 4.0 Delay (sec)
2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response Step Response (V/V) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
13
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 2.00 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.885 0.10 -0.001 -31.9 0.891 0.20 -0.015 -64.2 0.903 0.30 -0.040 -97.0 0.922 0.40 -0.042 -131 0.958 0.50 -0.001 -166 1.020 0.55 0.000 -185 1.057 0.60 -0.007 -204 1.099 0.65 -0.027 -225 1.140 0.70 -0.045 -245 1.193 0.75 -0.040 -268 1.269 0.80 -0.014 -291 1.377 0.85 -0.001 -317 1.513 0.90 -0.031 -346 1.677 0.95 -0.036 -378 1.960 1.00 -0.046 -419 2.681 1.10 -7.910 -525 2.127 1.20 -21.06 -573 0.856 1.30 -31.96 -597 0.509 1.40 -41.51 -612 0.357 1.50 -50.35 -623 0.271 1.60 -58.90 -632 0.216 1.70 -67.54 -639 0.177 1.75 -72.04 -642 0.162 1.80 -76.79 -645 0.149 1.85 -81.93 -647 0.138 1.90 -87.78 -650 0.128 1.95 -95.04 -652 0.119 2.00 -106.6 -654 0.111 2.20 -106.0 -481 0.087 2.40 -121.3 -307 0.070 2.60 -106.5 -311 0.058 2.80 -105.0 -315 0.049 3.00 -106.4 -318 0.042 3.50 -123.6 -325 0.030 4.00 -111.5 -149 0.022 5.00 -105.4 -156 0.014 6.00 -105.1 -160 0.010 7.00 -106.0 -163 0.007 8.00 -107.3 -165 0.005 9.00 -108.6 -167 0.004 10.0 -110.0 -168 0.003
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
Low-Pass Frequency Response 0 -20 Amp (dB) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
Delay (Normalized) 4.0 Delay (sec)
2.0 0.8 0.0 0.1
0.15 2
1.0 1.5 Normalized Time (1/f sec)
3
4
5 6 7 89
Step Response Step Response (V/V) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -0.0 0 1 2 3 4 Normalized Time (1/f sec) 5
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
14
High-Pass
8-Pole Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -160 691 0.819 0.20 -112 661 0.828 0.30 -83.7 631 0.843 0.40 -63.7 600 0.867 0.50 -48.2 568 0.903 0.60 -35.5 535 .956 499 0.70 -24.8 1.04 459 0.80 -15.6 1.19 437 0.85 -11.6 1.29 413 0.90 -8.06 1.40 0.95 -5.15 386 1.48 360 1.00 -3.01 1.46 275 1.20 -0.229 0.873 226 1.40 -0.020 0.540 -0.002 194 1.60 0.380 170 1.80 0.00 0.287 152 0.00 2.00 0.226 0.139 120 0.00 2.50 0.00 99.2 0.094 3.00 0.052 0.00 74.0 4.00 5.00 0.00 59.0 0.033 49.0 0.023 6.00 0.00 0.00 42.1 0.017 7.00 0.00 36.8 0.013 8.00 0.00 32.7 0.010 9.00 10.0 0.00 29.4 0.008 Butterworth Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Actual Delay = Normalized Delay Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
15
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 1.56 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -93.4 168 0.334 -84.8 0.20 156 0.344 143 -86.0 0.30 0.363 0.392 310 -92.6 0.40 0.439 295 -85.0 0.50 -114 287 0.472 0.55 -84.1 458 0.515 0.60 -57.0 617 0.652 0.70 -32.8 589 0.962 0.80 -22.6 569 1.325 0.85 0.90 -12.3 538 2.198 3.993 0.95 -3.08 483 3.062 1.00 -0.05 414 1.498 1.10 -0.03 341 -0.01 1.039 1.20 296 264 1.30 -0.04 0.773 239 1.40 -0.05 0.612 1.50 219 -0.03 0.505 1.60 202 -0.01 0.426 188 1.70 0.00 0.364 1.80 0.00 176 0.315 -0.01 165 1.90 0.275 2.00 156 -0.02 0.243 2.50 122 -0.05 0.145 0.097 3.00 101 -0.05 4.00 -0.03 75.1 0.053 -0.01 0.034 5.00 59.8 -0.01 0.023 6.00 49.7 7.00 0.017 0.00 42.5 8.00 0.013 0.00 37.2 9.00 0.00 33.0 0.010 10.0 0.00 29.7 0.008 High-Pass Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
16
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 1.77 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -89.3 164 0.440 0.20 -82.1 148 0.459 0.30 -90.6 131 0.495 292 0.40 -82.4 0.559 -87.8 450 0.50 0.671 0.55 -90.0 0.761 437 -60.2 0.60 0.890 603 -32.4 0.70 1.37 563 -13.1 0.80 2.35 498 -6.28 0.85 2.77 451 0.90 -2.21 401 2.66 358 0.95 -0.51 2.15 324 1.00 -0.03 1.64 277 1.10 -0.01 1.04 225 1.20 -0.05 0.757 1.30 -0.03 221 0.596 1.40 0.01 201 0.486 1.50 0.03 185 0.409 1.60 0.03 172 0.347 1.70 0.03 160 0.299 1.80 0.02 150 0.260 1.90 0.01 141 0.229 2.00 0.01 133 0.203 2.50 -0.02 105 0.123 3.00 -0.02 86.9 0.083 4.00 -0.02 64.7 0.046 5.00 -0.01 51.6 0.029 6.00 -0.01 42.9 0.020 -0.01 0.015 7.00 36.8 -0.01 0.011 8.00 32.1 9.00 -0.01 28.6 0.009 10.0 0.00 25.7 0.007 High-Pass Frequency Response 0 Amp (dB) -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 0.1
2 3 4 5 6 78 1.0 2 3 4 5 67
Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
10.0
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
17
8-Pole, 6-Zero
Elliptic, 2.00 Appendix A Theoretical Transfer Characteristics 1 f/fc Amp Phase Delay (Hz) (dB) (deg) (sec) 0.10 -110 168 0.338 -105 0.20 156 0.348 -114 0.30 323 0.367 309 -110 0.40 0.397 654 -107 0.50 0.445 0.55 -78.6 646 0.480 0.524 0.60 -64.6 637 0.669 0.70 -44.1 615 1.001 0.80 -26.7 586 1.401 0.85 -18.2 565 0.90 -9.46 533 2.315 0.95 -2.16 478 3.604 1.00 -0.046 419 2.681 1.416 1.10 -0.038 352 1.018 1.20 -0.001 308 1.30 -0.032 277 0.773 1.40 -0.046 252 0.618 1.50 -0.034 231 0.514 1.60 -0.016 214 0.436 1.70 -0.004 200 0.376 1.80 0.000 187 0.328 1.90 -0.003 176 0.288 2.00 166 -0.010 0.255 131 2.50 -0.042 0.153 108 3.00 -0.045 0.103 4.00 -0.028 80.6 0.057 64.2 5.00 -0.015 0.036 53.4 6.00 -0.008 0.025 45.7 7.00 -0.005 0.018 40.0 8.00 -0.003 0.014 9.00 -0.002 35.5 0.011 31.9 10.0 -0.001 0.009 High-Pass Frequency Response 0 -20 Amp (dB) -40 -60 -80 -100 -120 0.1
2
1.0 2 3 4 5 6 7 10.0 Normalized Frequency(f/fc)
3 4 5 6 78
1.Normalized Group Delay: The above delay data is normalized to a corner frequency of 1.0Hz.The actual delay is the normalized delay divided by the actual corner frequency (fc). Normalized Delay Actual Delay = Actual Corner Frequency (fc) in Hz
1784 Chessie Lane, Ottawa, IL 61350 * Tel: 800/252-7074, 815/434-7800 * FAX: 815/434-8176 e-mail: sales@freqdev.com Web Address: http://www.freqdev.com
18


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